Homogeneity and maintainability. If at a certain point in the future a new type utf8char is introduced, it will only be a matter of changing the typedef and recompiling, without having to skip thousands of lines of code to fix each use.
Also think that GLib is designed to work with a wide range of compilers, and not all of them fully comply with the latest specifications. For example, bool , wchar_t and fixed sizes cannot be allowed, since they all come with C99 and C11. In addition, the development of GLib began in 1998 (as you can see from the graph when the C99 was still in the draft, and these functions were not even standard.
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