Use an empty range with flex, as shown below. You can even specify a flex value to get a more specific location.
<div layout="row" layout-align="start center" flex> <md-button>button 1 </md-button> <span flex></span> </div>
Or, if you just want to align the text inside the button, try the following:
<md-button style="text-align:left">button </md-button>
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