As stated in the comments, it could be someone between you and Github modifying your message ( MITM ) or incorrect configuration on your system (for example, missing certificates). (The problem is unlikely on the side of Github.)
First debug using simple git: git clone https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index.git
To get information about what exactly it was not possible to use openssl s_client -debug -showcerts -connect github.com:443 , and if it does not exit by itself (because the connection works), press CTRL-C to exit. The output contains information about which certificates were submitted by the remote and how it was verified or failed to be verified.
If someone changes your message, please post the output of this and traceroute github.com or something similar so that others can avoid this provider.
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