No, as far as I know, this is not possible in the way you suggested. As mentioned in other questions, you should do this using the environment file.
I suggest you do this with your service provider. To me it sounds like you are doing something that is not really a setting. I think you better do this:
As you can see in the documentation in the configuration repository, there is an installed method in the configuration repository. So do it in the service:
public function boot() { Config::set('app.user',Config::get('mail.user')); }
Put this in the boot method so that every binding is present in the IoC container.
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