As mentioned above, this has already been done. Jnode is the only one that has stood the test of time and is actively working, although they have not released a new build for many years. But if you look at their Git commits, they are working on an imminent release when I write this. I am a fan of Java and look forward to the release. People who hate verbose imperative languages like Java eat up the idea, but this is not for everyone.
Also interesting is the idea of implementing Java byte code at the hardware level. I don’t think it will be anywhere, since the strength of Java is that you don’t have to worry much about hardware. You just need to get a Java OS, and you can run it on any JVM.
I believe that the true power of Java in the OS domain is virtualization. I can't think of a better way to have a virtual OS, since Java is everywhere.
Like the other posters noted above, it cannot be fully implemented in Java without the hardware implementation of Java. Jnode is completely written in assembly and Java. But then all modern operating systems use some assembly language.
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