Is native iOS mobile device management built into iOS itself?
Yes, Apple has a secure mdm client that is included with every Apple product. We can use the client during registration. There is controlled registration where the mdm client can perform more privileged tasks.
Can the MDM server manage the device (install applications, disconnect the camera, iTunes ...) without installing the MDM agent application?
Yes, after registering the device, you can apply restrictions for iOS and macOS, install applications in silent mode using VPP, etc. See Configuration-Profile-Reference.pdf for a list of all restrictions.
How can the device itself communicate with the MDM server and automatically install profiles sent from the server?
Like iOS apps, the mdm client responds to notifications via APNS. The server on which the device is registered will have a push-magic string, a device token, and a thematic device listening on them helps the server notify the device. The device will ping the server. I have attached the Official MDM Guide, which you can contact for more information.
Do I need a corporate account to use iOS MDM?
Here you have two options, if you want to create your own MDM solution, as I said, you will need to notify the device so that it communicates with your MDM server during registration. Like creating an iOS app, you need a developer account to create an APNS certificate (see here ) to notify the default mdm client.
Or you just want to manage your device, you do not need a developer certificate. MDM providers will use their certificate for signing, and you will need an Apple ID account to use the boot certificate provided by your MDM to notify devices.
Where can I find documents about the MDM API and how to use it?
Below are the links to get started with MDM. Comment on your requests for any help.
1. Configure MDM and MDM protocol
2. Limitations and other MDM profiles
3. Apple business manager