This blog article displays resized virtual machines in tables. Please note that the information on the blog may be old, but it shows that the sizes of virtual machines do not change, although they can be selected in the list.
From the blog below, the table gives an answer.


Note that the one above is โASMโ and the bottom is โARMโ.
Resizing a virtual machine is highly (or we can definitely say) dependent on the Azure infrastructure, so the only way to solve the problem is to simply create a new virtual machine.
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