To achieve zero shutter lag, the camera driver must support a small round buffer pool containing full-size frames. Images are recorded at the speed of the sensor and sent to the preview and to the round buffer pool (either as a raw buyer or as a processed / semi-professional YUV). When use presses the shutter, a new buffer in the circular pool is retrieved, processed and compressed as a JPEG. On older cameras for mobile phones, the sensor is not able to capture full-resolution frames with a sufficiently high frame rate, so ZSL cannot be implemented.
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