Starting with version 3.17, google.maps.Marker objects exist in the markerLayer , which is just a fancy name for a div.
To get a reference to markerLayer, you need to create an OverlayView object. Now this object is a bit abstract. You need to implement the drawing function for it to work. For example, open a basic example in a new tab and paste it into the console
var overlay = new google.maps.OverlayView(); overlay.draw=function() {}; overlay.setMap(map); overlay.getPanes();
it returns:
{ floatPane: div floatShadow: div mapPane: div markerLayer: div overlayImage: div overlayLayer: div overlayMouseTarget: div overlayShadow: div }
Thay markerLayer is a div containing markers. If I create your marker using this icon image,
var marker = new google.maps.Marker({ position: map.getCenter(), map: map, icon: 'http://ruralshores.com/assets/marker-icon.png', optimized:false });
My marker layer will be:

If the selected div (the one with z-index 103) is a marker layer.
If you want to access markerLayer software programmatically, you can add the markerLayer class to it after you get the link using the getPanes method. I assume that each image inside the marker layer is a marker, so you can style it as you wish.
TL / DR : you can style it if you are faced with the whole problem of finding a DOM link to your marker.
Edit: I made bl.ocks to check
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