Linker error - Undefined characters std :: string :: c_str () const on macos with libboost_thread?

Question

I installed boost 1.55.0 from homebrew on macos mavericks. Getting a linker exception is not a search for std :: string :: c_str (), which I don't understand why. Maybe this is a problem with homegrown? I tried compiling boost 1.55.0 directly from boost, and it is not even based on macos.

This little code:

#include <iostream> #include <unordered_map> #include <vector> #include <boost/thread/tss.hpp> typedef std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> StringMap; static boost::thread_specific_ptr<std::vector<StringMap*>> rlist; int main() { return 0; } 

compiled using this command line:

 g++ -std=c++11 main.cpp -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib -lboost_thread -lboost_system -lboost_atomic -lboost_log -lstdc++ 

throws this linker exception:

 Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64: "std::string::c_str() const", referenced from: boost::system::system_error::what() const in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) "std::string::empty() const", referenced from: boost::system::system_error::what() const in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) "std::allocator<char>::allocator()", referenced from: boost::system::system_error::system_error(boost::system::error_code, char const*) in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) boost::system::(anonymous namespace)::generic_error_category::message(int) const in libboost_system.a(error_code.o) "std::allocator<char>::~allocator()", referenced from: boost::system::system_error::system_error(boost::system::error_code, char const*) in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) boost::system::(anonymous namespace)::generic_error_category::message(int) const in libboost_system.a(error_code.o) "std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator<char> const&)", referenced from: boost::system::system_error::system_error(boost::system::error_code, char const*) in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) boost::system::(anonymous namespace)::generic_error_category::message(int) const in libboost_system.a(error_code.o) "std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(std::string const&)", referenced from: boost::thread_exception::thread_exception(boost::thread_exception const&) in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) boost::condition_error::condition_error(boost::condition_error const&) in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) boost::system::(anonymous namespace)::generic_error_category::message(int) const in libboost_system.a(error_code.o) "std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string()", referenced from: boost::system::system_error::system_error(boost::system::error_code, char const*) in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) boost::system::(anonymous namespace)::generic_error_category::message(int) const in libboost_system.a(error_code.o) "std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()", referenced from: boost::system::system_error::what() const in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) boost::system::system_error::~system_error() in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) boost::system::system_error::~system_error() in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) boost::thread_exception::~thread_exception() in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) boost::thread_exception::~thread_exception() in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) boost::thread_resource_error::~thread_resource_error() in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) boost::thread_resource_error::~thread_resource_error() in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) ... "std::string::operator=(char const*)", referenced from: boost::system::system_error::what() const in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) boost::system::(anonymous namespace)::generic_error_category::message(int) const in libboost_system.a(error_code.o) "std::string::operator+=(char const*)", referenced from: boost::system::system_error::what() const in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) "std::string::operator+=(std::string const&)", referenced from: boost::system::system_error::what() const in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) "std::runtime_error::runtime_error(std::string const&)", referenced from: boost::system::system_error::system_error(boost::system::error_code, char const*) in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) "std::_Rb_tree_decrement(std::_Rb_tree_node_base*)", referenced from: std::_Rb_tree<void const*, std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node> >, std::less<void const*>, std::allocator<std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node> > >::_M_insert_unique(std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node> const&) in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) "std::_Rb_tree_increment(std::_Rb_tree_node_base*)", referenced from: _tls_destructor in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) std::_Rb_tree<void const*, std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node> >, std::less<void const*>, std::allocator<std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node> > >::erase(std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node> >, std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node> >) in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) "std::__throw_length_error(char const*)", referenced from: std::vector<std::pair<boost::condition_variable*, boost::mutex*>, std::allocator<std::pair<boost::condition_variable*, boost::mutex*> > >::_M_insert_aux(__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::pair<boost::condition_variable*, boost::mutex*>*, std::vector<std::pair<boost::condition_variable*, boost::mutex*>, std::allocator<std::pair<boost::condition_variable*, boost::mutex*> > > >, std::pair<boost::condition_variable*, boost::mutex*> const&) in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) "std::_Rb_tree_rebalance_for_erase(std::_Rb_tree_node_base*, std::_Rb_tree_node_base&)", referenced from: _tls_destructor in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) std::_Rb_tree<void const*, std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node> >, std::less<void const*>, std::allocator<std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node> > >::erase(std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node> >, std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node> >) in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) "std::_Rb_tree_insert_and_rebalance(bool, std::_Rb_tree_node_base*, std::_Rb_tree_node_base*, std::_Rb_tree_node_base&)", referenced from: std::_Rb_tree<void const*, std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node> >, std::less<void const*>, std::allocator<std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node> > >::_M_insert_unique(std::pair<void const* const, boost::detail::tss_data_node> const&) in libboost_thread.a(thread.o) l 

Answer 1

My psychic powers say:

• g++ on your system is actually clang, configured to use libc++ by default. This is the usual configuration on Mac computers.
• The distribution of the buffer buffer was compiled using libstdc++ and possibly real g ++.

Two standard libraries are not compatible with binary, therefore, a linker error. To fix this, go -stdlib=libstdc++ to your clang-in-g ++ clothes or get the actual GCC (Homebrew must have a distribution) or build boost with libC ++ .

Repro and demo:

 $ cat 1.cpp #include <string> #include <iostream> int main() { std::string s("Blah"); std::cout << s << std::endl; } $ g++ -v Configured with: --prefix=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.2.1 Apple LLVM version 5.1 (clang-503.0.40) (based on LLVM 3.4svn) Target: x86_64-apple-darwin13.2.0 Thread model: posix $ g++ 1.cpp -c -stdlib=libstdc++ -o 1.o $ g++ 1.o -lstdc++ Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64: "std::allocator<char>::allocator()", referenced from: _main in 1.o "std::allocator<char>::~allocator()", referenced from: _main in 1.o "std::ostream::operator<<(std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&))", referenced from: _main in 1.o "std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator<char> const&)", referenced from: _main in 1.o "std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()", referenced from: _main in 1.o "std::ios_base::Init::Init()", referenced from: ___cxx_global_var_init in 1.o "std::ios_base::Init::~Init()", referenced from: ___cxx_global_var_init in 1.o "std::cout", referenced from: _main in 1.o "std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::endl<char, std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&)", referenced from: _main in 1.o "std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<<<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)", referenced from: _main in 1.o ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64 clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation) $ g++ -stdlib=libstdc++ 1.o && ./a.out Blah