The size of the icon displayed on the taskbar is determined by many factors; MinWidth for HKEY_CURRENT_USER | Control panel | Desktop | WindowMetrics, DPI settings and taskbar settings.
48x48 is selected because the default "MinWidth" parameter (I think) is 53, and 48x48 is the largest resolution in your icon that matches this setting.
If you are unsatisfied with what the 48x48 icon looks like, reconfiguration may be required. Make sure it uses the correct number of colors, etc. What do the small icons look like? How bad or worse than 48x48? if so, then the icon may be too complex to look good at such a low resolution.
I donβt know how to make windows choose a different icon size for the taskbar.
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