Why do browsers reserve space for ACCENTED CHARACTERS even if they aren’t?

Question

Link:
My questions relate to the explanation of the community in this question. How do I remove a space at the top of the <p> tag / align contains text at the top of the container? .

Question

What I want to know is that if my <p> or any other markup does not contain such characters, for example Ä or Ĉ , then why does the browser reserve a space for it (does it reserve space .... ?? since I don’t know, I'm just going to the explanation line in the question quoted) ....

browsers display what was given in the markup, and CSS .... if there is no accented character in the code, why is a space there for it then??

Answer 1

It is completely font dependent. See a screenshot of this example:

The line height of the selected "Lorem" completely coincides with the containing element (blue). The letter simply does not stretch to the maximum available height, just as it does not stretch completely below the baseline.

It is up to the creator of the font to leave a space above or below the letter, which is usually done to maintain the overall visual balance of the face of the font, which includes letters that may be higher. See for example:

Yes

If “A” will stretch to the maximum available height, “Ä” next to it will be either higher or higher, or will need to be squeezed. Since it looks like shitty, the usual A is not as tall as it can be, so both A can be visually the same.

This has nothing to do with whether you really use accented letters or not; glyphs don't scale dynamically based on content. They always have the same height as the font creator. What if you have this block of text:

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA - UAE

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

If the size of the letter changes dynamically depending on whether you need "extra space" or not, this will create an extremely uneven look. That is why this is not done.