I had to take a slightly different approach, while avoiding pandas construction methods. This is a little embarrassing as they format the x axis so well. Nonetheless:
import datetime import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np import pandas from pandas import Series, date_range markers = Series([True, False, False, True, True, True, False, False, True, True], index=date_range('1/1/2000', periods=10)) ts = Series(np.random.uniform(size=10), index=date_range('1/1/2000', periods=10)) ts = ts.cumsum() ts2 = ts[markers] fig, ax1 = plt.subplots() ax1.plot(ts.index, ts, 'b-') ax1.plot(ts2.index, ts2,'g^') fig.autofmt_xdate()
Gives me: 
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