Try:
Request.pending.where( '(approver1_id= ? AND state_id= ?) OR (approver2_id= ? AND state_id= ?) OR (approver3_id= ? AND state_id= ?)', current_user.id, 1, current_user.id, 2, current_user.id, 3 )
Edit: I forgot that you should use colons. And should not be "current_user.id"? It is also unclear whether your request uses the three approver1_id parameters - approver3_id or only one approver_id argument for each request.
Edit 2: Changed SQL query.
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