What you are probably using is the actual height of the lines of text. Internally, TCPDF uses the cell height ratio to control the height of the render line. When you have a TD with one line of text, the smallest of which you can do is the total height of the line. So the minimum cell size td is fontsize * cellheightratio + any cellpadding proscribed
cellpadding can come from the cellpadding attribute, so I set this example to 0. In my opinion, at least some of the padding parameters can also be set using setCellPaddings before writing HTML.
You can set the cell height ratio using CSS line-height declaration to reduce the number of rows. (You can, of course, just decrease the font size.)
<?php //For demonstration purposes, set line-height to be double the font size. //You probably DON'T want to include this line unless you need really spaced //out lines. $this->setCellHeightRatio(2); //Note that TCPDF will display whitespace from the beginning and ending //of TD cells, at least as of version 5.9.206, so I removed it. $html = <<<EOD <table style="border:1px solid black;" border="1" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td>Row 1, Cell 1</td> <td>Row 1, Cell 2</td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 100%;"> <td>Row 2, Cell 1</td> <td>Row 2, Cell 2</td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 80%;"> <td>Row 3, Cell 1</td> <td>Row 3, Cell 2</td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 50%;"> <td>Row 4, Cell 1</td> <td>Row 4, Cell 2</td> </tr> </table> EOD; $this->writeHTMLCell($w=0, $h=0, $x='', $y='', $html, $border=0, $ln=1, $fill=0, $reseth=true, $align='', $autopadding=true);
The above code on my installation of 5.9.206 creates the following: 
This works so that line 1 is large, twice the font size. Line 2 sets the height of the line so that it is 100% of the font size. Line 3 is 80%. Line 4 is 50%.
* Please note that if your text wraps around, it will look terrible at very low line heights.