This is probably the best way:
$('#myDiv td').filter(':nth-child(2), :nth-child(3), :nth-child(5)')...
There is a shorter way, but I do not recommend it, because it is really associated with the DOM (if you have only 5 elements, as you said in the comments).
$('#myDiv td:not(:nth-child(3n - 5))')...
jsFiddle Demo
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