Yes, you can, but with some restriction If you publish your script applications as a webapp that will be available publicly, you can make a GET request to the web application URL to execute the script application code.
eg
doGet(e){
after posting let's say you have a url like
https://script.google.com/macros/s/djihwerd98ejdeijded/exec
Now make a request from your chrome application
GET https://script.google.com/macros/s/djihwerd98ejdeijded/exec?param=value
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