Yes, but it is limited. In the schema, data of the "record", "enum" and "fixed" type of the Avro type allows the "doc" field, which contains an arbitrary documentation line. For instance:
{"type": "record", "name": "test.Weather", "doc": "A weather reading.", "fields": [ {"name": "station", "type": "string", "order": "ignore"}, {"name": "time", "type": "long"}, {"name": "temp", "type": "int"} ] }
From https://github.com/apache/avro/blob/33d495840c896b693b7f37b5ec786ac1acacd3b4/share/test/schemas/weather.avsc#L2
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