Qt5 and Qt Quick 2 should give a good performance boost thanks to the "scene graphics", which is the main engine and is mainly written from scratch for Qt Quick of Qt5, to fully use OpenGL and have a high frame rate as a design goal from the very beginning.
In addition to performance, I think it’s a great feature that you can describe the GUI, transitions, animations, and all this, which is much better with QML. There's some kind of learning curve written by a declarative graphical interface that is very different from writing more direct C ++ code to do such things, but it's worth it.
In Qt4, I don’t think that QML is going to give any advantage in the form, since I think (now I didn’t check) the QGraphicsView is actually written there.
So to summarize: Go to Qt5 and Qt Quick2 and learn QML to define a GUI. Have a C ++ game logic for performance (tower defense games can have quite a few things going on as a last resort).
Edit: A blog (the old one, maybe a little outdated) about why the graph graph implementation was created: http://blog.qt.io/blog/2011/05/31/qml-scene-graph-in-master/
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