I suggest:
mysql -h localhost -u root -p
and you typed something else. :(
pidof mysqld
says what exactly? If nothing, then sudo service mysql start
and try
mysql -h localhost -u root -p
again.
Reconfigure mysql server:
sudo dpkg-reconfigure mysql-server
or
sudo dpkg-reconfigure mysql-server-5.1
depending on which one is installed.
Once you reconfigure (and recover) your mysql root password, then Reconfigure phpmyadmin
sudo dpkg-reconfigure phpmyadmin
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