I encountered the same problems, but I found a way to see the __MigrationHistory table for LocalDB istance, instead of using Server Explorer, you should try SQL Server Object Explorer , you will find the table in the System Tables of the created database.
You can directly output data using the command to present data in a table, but you can query it without any problems.
select * from __MigrationHistory
This way, you can leave it as the article you reported about for existing migrations.
source share