Make sure you check for Android ADT plugin updates for Eclipse in addition to updates for AVD, SDK, and other debugging tools. Then make sure that you are in your Android perspective (in the upper left corner of the Eclipse window), and not in some other / general Java perspective (no settings for Android).
Alternatively, you can check in Window> Customize Perspective ... in Eclipse to double check that all the Android options (menus, contextual elements, views, toolbars) you want.
UPDATE: You can add Android tools to any point of view (I called my "Android"). From a DDMS or Java perspective, go to Window> Customize Perspective - DDMS. Go to the "Availability of command groups" tab and make sure that the "Run" checkbox is selected.
Also go to Project> Properties> Run / Debug Settings and check if the launch configuration listed is there. Create / edit this configuration and confirm that it has an Android tab (usually it is designed to trigger the default operation from your manifest).
If not, there might be something wrong with your project association - try right-clicking on the Project project in Project Explorer, go to Android tools (if any)> Fix project properties. I believe there is an Ant tool that can do this from the command line, but you will need to check the Android / Google docs.
It is also likely that there is something with your Eclipse installation or you have a new ADT plugin than your version of Eclipse. Eclipse Juno (v4.2) was released at the end of June, and the most recent ADT plug-in may look for something that is not in your v3.7 installation.
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