There is enough video memory to allow multiple text screens side by side. Page numbers allow you to double-buffer where you draw on the screen, and then when it is ready, it changes the page that is currently displayed to a new one.
See the infamous and still priceless Ralph Brown interrupt list for more details (well, a little more):
http://www.ctyme.com/intr/rb-0087.htm
In particular, look at int 0x10 AH = 0x05, which allows you to change the current visible page.
source share