I encountered the same problem in Visual Studio 2015, I tried to open the file using
Right Click > Open With > ADO.NET Entity Data Model Designer
and there is no option. From this, I realized that my installation of Visual Studio 2015 should be without some components, so I returned to setting up and installing Microsoft SQL Server Data Tools and Microsoft Web Developer Tools. Finally it worked! Options are available when you open from the solution, and the file can be opened
Components i added
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