To give a clearer explanation:
Is Android Beam just a name for NFC or is it Android protocol working on SNEP / NPP? If this is a protocol, how to make NFC P2P without a beam?
Android beam is a feature of the Android OS. It is a high-level NDEF messaging engine on top of SNEP / NPP. So far, peer-to-peer mode (on Android) is only available through Android Beam, which cannot be used for bidirectional communication.
How to install using SNEP?
If you want to use SNEP on Android, (I think), the only way is to program your own SNEP implementation on top of the ISO-DEP protocol. Since SNEP sits on top of LLCP, you also need to create your own LLCP implementation. It is not simple..
How to send a response to another device during connection initialization (received first message)
With SNEP you cannot. As @robertly said it is possible to create a callback message. If you need true bi-directional communication, use the reader / writer and card emulation modes.
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