From the python official wiki page:
Over the years, many different modules and packages developed for Python. For most of this time, the favorite package was not clear, but recently matplotlib has become the most used.
matplotlib highlights for me:
- easy to learn (based on Matlab traditions, but also has an object-oriented paradigm).
- reliable (well maintained, updated, and documented)
- reliable (check out some materials you can do with it! )
- A large community of users (well-loved and highly regarded in many circles).
- integrates easily (works mostly next to numpy / scipy)
- accepts TeX commands for special formatting
- quite acceptable standard for simple and complex graphic drawing
I personally use it for many purposes, including making charts for working presentations, charts for school documents, and even charts and images for official scientific documentation in mathematics and computer science. TeX material is especially useful to me.
So, I think you had the right idea. Matplotlib appeared first in your Google search because it is by far the most authoritative and generally the most useful.
If you want to explore some others, here is a link to an overview of some of the available font building tools on the python official wiki page: http://wiki.python.org/moin/NumericAndScientific/Plotting#Plotting_Tools
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