Is this the correct implementation of n-tier architecture?

Question

I have been studying C # for the past year or so and trying to implement best practices along the way. Between StackOverflow and other web resources, I thought I was on the right track to properly separate my concerns, but now I have some doubts and want to make sure that I am on the right track before moving my entire site to this new architecture.

The current website is an old ASP VBscript and has an existing database, pretty ugly (no foreign keys, etc.), at least for the first version of .NET. I do not want to use and should study any ORM tools this time.

I have the following elements that are in separate namespaces and settings, so that only the DTO and Business levels can see the user interface level, and the data level can only be seen at the Business level. Here is a simple example:

productDTO.cs

public class ProductDTO
{
    public int ProductId { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }

    public ProductDTO()
    {
        ProductId = 0;
        Name = String.Empty;
    }
}

productBLL.cs

public class ProductBLL
{

    public ProductDTO GetProductByProductId(int productId)
    {
        //validate the input            
        return ProductDAL.GetProductByProductId(productId);
    }

    public List<ProductDTO> GetAllProducts()
    {
        return ProductDAL.GetAllProducts();
    }

    public void Save(ProductDTO dto)
    {
        ProductDAL.Save(dto);
    }

    public bool IsValidProductId(int productId)
    {
        //domain validation stuff here
    }
}

productDAL.cs

public class ProductDAL
{
    //have some basic methods here to convert sqldatareaders to dtos


    public static ProductDTO GetProductByProductId(int productId)
    {
        ProductDTO dto = new ProductDTO();
        //db logic here using common functions 
        return dto;
    }

    public static List<ProductDTO> GetAllProducts()
    {
        List<ProductDTO> dtoList = new List<ProductDTO>();
        //db logic here using common functions 
        return dtoList;
    }

    public static void Save(ProductDTO dto)
    {
        //save stuff here
    }

}

In my user interface, I would do something like this:

ProductBLL productBll = new ProductBLL();
List<ProductDTO> productList = productBll.GetAllProducts();

to save:

ProductDTO dto = new ProductDTO();
dto.ProductId = 5;
dto.Name = "New product name";
productBll.Save(dto);

Have I completely left the base? Should I also have the same properties in my BLL and not pass back the DTO to my interface? Please tell me what is wrong and what is right. Keep in mind that I'm not an expert yet.

I would like to implement interfaces with my architecture, but I am still involved in this.

Answer 1

- , - .

, , , , -.

BLL ( ) , DTO.

http://martinfowler.com/bliki/AnemicDomainModel.html

ProductBLL productBll = new ProductBLL();
List<ProductDTO> productList = productBll.GetAllProducts();

, , DTO - ( - ).

<Product> s, BLL DTO - . . , , . , , , , , .

BLL -. DTO - DAL. , DTO, - .

, , DTO, DAL , , datareader . DAL , .

, :

public class Product {
    // no one can "make" Products
    private Product(IDataRecord dr) {
        // Make this product from the contents of the IDataRecord
    }

    static private List<Product> GetList(string sp, Action<DbCommand> addParameters) {
        List<Product> lp = new List<Product>();
        // DAL.Retrieve yields an iEnumerable<IDataRecord> (optional addParameters callback)
        // public static IEnumerable<IDataRecord> Retrieve(string StoredProcName, Action<DbCommand> addParameters)
        foreach (var dr in DAL.Retrieve(sp, addParameters) ) {
            lp.Add(new Product(dr));
        }
        return lp;
    }

    static public List<Product> AllProducts() {
        return GetList("sp_AllProducts", null) ;
    }

    static public List<Product> AllProductsStartingWith(string str) {
        return GetList("sp_AllProductsStartingWith", cm => cm.Parameters.Add("StartsWith", str)) ;
    }

    static public List<Product> AllProductsOnOrder(Order o) {
        return GetList("sp_AllProductsOnOrder", cm => cm.Parameters.Add("OrderId", o.OrderId)) ;
    }
}

DAL. DataRecords DTO, - .

DAL.Retrieve SqlServer, ( , CommandText); , (, , ):

    public static IEnumerable<IDataRecord> SqlRetrieve(string ConnectionString, string StoredProcName,
                                                       Action<SqlCommand> addParameters)
    {
        using (var cn = new SqlConnection(ConnectionString))
        using (var cmd = new SqlCommand(StoredProcName, cn))
        {
            cn.Open();
            cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;

            if (addParameters != null)
            {
                addParameters(cmd);
            }

            using (var rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader())
            {
                while (rdr.Read())
                    yield return rdr;
            }
        }
    }

.

Answer 2

. , , :

• DTO ( "" )
• IsValidProductId , , , , ,
• -
• - , , .

Answer 3

, : : , , , .. (DAL, BLL ..) , . , , (, ..).

, , , :

public class Product: IRecord, IDataErrorInfo, INotifyPropertyChanged
{
    // events
    public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

    // properties
    private int _id;
    public virtual int Id
    {
        get
        {
            return _id;
        }
        set
        {
            if (value != _id)
            {
                _id = value;
                OnPropertyChanged("Id");
            }
        }
    }

    private string _name;
    public virtual string Name
    {
        get
        {
            return _name;
        }
        set
        {
            if (value != _name)
            {
                _name = value;
                OnPropertyChanged("Name");
            }
        }
    }

    // parameterless constructor (always useful for serialization, winforms databinding, etc.)
    public Product()
    {
        ProductId = 0;
        Name = String.Empty;
    }

    // update methods
    public virtual void Save()
    {
       ValidateThrow();
       ... do save (insert or update) ...
    }

    public virtual void Delete()
    {
       ... do delete ...
    }    

    // validation methods
    public string Validate()
    {
       return Validate(null);
    }

    private void ValidateThrow()
    {
      List<Exception> exceptions = new List<Exception>();
      SummaryValidate(exceptions,memberName);
      if (exceptions.Count != 0)
         throw new CompositeException(exceptions);
    }

    public string Validate(string memberName)
    {
      List<Exception> exceptions = new List<Exception>();
      SummaryValidate(exceptions,memberName);
      if (exceptions.Count == 0)
        return null;

      return ConcatenateAsString...(exceptions);
    }

    string IDataErrorInfo.Error
    {
      get
      {
         return Validate();
      }
    }

    string IDataErrorInfo.this[string columnName]
    {
      get
      {
        return validate(columnName);
      }
    }

    public virtual void SummaryValidate(IList<Exception> exceptions, string memberName)
    {
       if ((memberName == null) || (memberName == "Name"))
       {
         if (!... validate name ...)
            exceptions.Add(new ValidationException("Name is invalid");
       }
    }

    protected void OnPropertyChanged(string name)
    {
       OnPropertyChanged(new PropertyChangedEventArgs(name));
    }

    // property change notification
    protected virtual void OnPropertyChanged(PropertyChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        if ((PropertyChanged != null)
            PropertyChanged(this, e);
    }

    // read from database methods
    protected virtual Read(IDataReader reader)
    {
      Id = reader.GetInt32(reader.GetOrdinal("Id"));
      Name = = reader.GetString(reader.GetOrdinal("Id"));
      ...
    }

    void IRecord.Read(IDataReader reader)
    {
      Read(reader);
    }

    // instance creation methods
    public static Product GetById(int id)
    {
        // possibly use some cache (optional)
        Product product = new Product();
        using (IDataReader reader = GetSomeReaderForGetById...(id))
        {
            if (!reader.Read())
              return null;

            ((IRecord)product).Read(reader);
            return product;
        }
    }

    public static List<Product> GetAll()
    {
        // possibly use some cache (optional)
        List<Product> products = new List<Product>(); // if you use WPF, an ObservableCollection would be more appropriate?
        using (IDataReader reader = GetSomeReaderForGetAll...(id))
        {
            while (reader.Read())
            {
              Product product = new Product();
              ((IRecord)product).Read(reader);
              products.Add(product);
            }
        }
        return products;
    }
}

// an interface to read from a data record (possibly platform independent)
public interface IRecord
{
  void Read(IDataReader reader);
}

Answer 4

ORM - . " 5000".

5000 . . - . - - , , , , , . .

, . , - , "GetAllOfSomething()", , , . ? - , , , , . , , , IEnumerable . , , .