Object Detection with Arduino

Question

Is there a way to detect various types of objects / surfaces with the Arduino board + some sensor?

An example would be the difference between wood / metal, or say that a bot traveling outside could detect if it is on grass, sand or asphalt.

Edit: In the interest of others who wish to do this, here is a link to the electronics website, https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/9751/detecting-the-type-of-ground/9771 .

Answer 1

I do not know a single sensor that, alone, is able to detect the types of materials that you mention. (Hence my comment suggesting you ask the SE Robotics and Electronics website.)

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Answer 2

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