For a Ubuntu-specific solution (although it should work on Debian, Mint and other related distributions), download the source and you will find bltinmodule.c there.
On my Ubuntu system, it is under my python source directory, i.e. .../python2.6-2.6.6/Python/bltinmodule.c
apt-get source xxx download the source for the specified package to a subdirectory of your current directory.
This should do the trick:
apt-get source python2.6
view ./python2.6-2.6.6/Python/bltinmodule.c
If you do not want to use find, rebuild your location database with sudo updatedb, and then you can do locate bltintmodule.cto find the file.