You do not redefine the module, you redefine (or, more correctly, rewritesee below) the class belonging to the module, or belong to the shared folder lib.
Based on your wording, I assume that you will redefine the meaning of "take a class from app/code/core/" and placing it in " app/code/local/"? If this is the case, then basically you cannot. Code pools work because magento adds four paths to the PHP enable path.
app/code/local
app/code/community
app/code/core
lib
Then when the autoloader says
include('Mage/Module/Path/To/File.php');
local, community, , , lib. local .
- , , . , Core, . , , , / , , .