Why using Stream / lazy val is faster than ListBuffer one

Question

I encoded the following implementation of lazy sieve algorithms using Stream and lazy val below:

def primes(): Stream[Int] = {
   lazy val ps = 2 #:: sieve(3)
   def sieve(p: Int): Stream[Int] = {
       p #:: sieve(
            Stream.from(p + 2, 2).
             find(i=> ps.takeWhile(j => j * j <= i).
                     forall(i % _ > 0)).get)
  }
  ps
}

and the following implementation using a (mutable) ListBuffer:

import scala.collection.mutable.ListBuffer
def primes(): Stream[Int] = {
    def sieve(p: Int, ps: ListBuffer[Int]): Stream[Int] = {
        p #:: { val nextprime =
            Stream.from(p + 2, 2).
            find(i=> ps.takeWhile(j => j * j <= i).
                 forall(i % _ > 0)).get
            sieve(nextprime, ps += nextprime)
         }
    }       
    sieve(3, ListBuffer(3))}

When I was doing primes (). takeWhile (_ <1000000) .size, the first implementation is 3 times faster than the second. What is the explanation for this?

I edited the second version: it should have been a sieve (3, ListBuffer (3)) instead of a sieve (3, ListBuffer ()).

Answer 1

Well, I think this line:

find(i=> ps.takeWhile(j => j * j <= i).forall(i % _ > 0)).get

ListBuffer takeWhile ( ). , Stream, - , . forall , takeWhile.

Answer 2

, , ...

, Iterator, ArrayBuffer takeWhile , .

def primes2(): Stream[Int] = {
  def sieve(p: Int, ps: ArrayBuffer[Int]): Stream[Int] = {
    def hasNoDivisor(prime_? :Int, j: Int = 0): Boolean = {
      val n = ps(j)
      if (n*n > prime_?) true
      else if (prime_? % n == 0) false else hasNoDivisor(prime_?, j+1)
    }
    p #:: { 
      val nextprime = Iterator.from(ps.last + 2, 2).find(hasNoDivisor(_)).get
      sieve(nextprime, ps += nextprime)
    }
  }     
  sieve(3, ArrayBuffer(3))
}

Iterator Stream, , primes3().toStream , .

def primes3() = List(2,3).iterator ++ new Iterator[Int] {
  val ps = ArrayBuffer[Int](3)
  def hasNoDivisor(prime_? :Int, j: Int = 0): Boolean = {
    val n = ps(j)
    if (n*n > prime_?) true
    else if (prime_? % n == 0) false else hasNoDivisor(prime_?, j+1)
  }
  def hasNext = true
  def next() = {
    val nextprime = Iterator.from(ps.last + 2, 2).find(hasNoDivisor(_)).get
    ps += nextprime
    nextprime
  }
}

:

primes : warming...
primes : running...
primes : elapsed: 3.711
res39: Int = 283145
primes2: warming...
primes2: running...
primes2: elapsed: 1.039
res40: Int = 283145
primes3: warming...
primes3: running...
primes3: elapsed: 0.530
res41: Int = 283146

from, find hasNoDivisor while, , .