Connections will not be closed as during a call java.sql.Connection.close(). Basically, the JVM that opened the connection cannot support TCP / IP connections in the database. They will be immediately disabled. Consequently, the “connection” will also be closed. The database, however, may not respond immediately and maintain its sessions for some time.
In Oracle, you can kill sessions in the database directly if you have sufficient privileges.
I assume that the behavior is vendor specific and / or configuration specific. There is no general answer.
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