It depends on the version of Oracle.
In versions prior to 9i, you had to explicitly collect statistics after creating the index before the optimizer with a realistic chance of using it.
9i Oracle COMPUTE STATISTICS CREATE INDEX. . COMPUTE STATISTICS, , CBO, , .
10g , Oracle , , COMPUTE STATISTICS. - - , , GATHER_INDEX_STATS , .
10g , , , , . DCookie 10g. Oracle 11g, - .