If you ask how the formula is obtained, you can search for “color coordinate systems”. This page contains a good discussion in the YCbCr space in particular.
, , . ( "" ) , RGB, - . YCbCr Y , Cb Cr - . Cb , Cr .
YCbCr , , . , JPEG, , , .
: . ( , .) RGB YCbCr, :
r = 1.0 * y' + 0 * cB + 1.402 * cR
g = 1.0 * y' - 0.344136 * cB - 0.714136 * cR
b = 1.0 * y' + 1.772 * cB + 0 * cR