There are many image processing libraries, for example, for Java: ImageJ , there are also Apache Commons . If you need a higher-level computer vision library, OpenCV for C ++, which also has bindings for Java, for example.
You can also develop the entire application in Matlab, but deploying a stand-alone application requires that it requires licensing from Mathworks Builder NE (which can be expensive). Matlab is very good for research and prototyping.
There are other alternatives that can be used for rapid prototyping, such as Python and PIL.
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