, . , . , , FILE * stderr (), FILE * stdout ( , ), , , .
C - stdio, freopen, FILE *, fprintf(stderr, "fungus"); -, , stderr .
, unix, dup dup2. .
int fd = open("some_file", O_WRONLY);
dup2(2,fd);
close(fd);
"some_file" stderr . dup2 2 (stderr, FILE * stderr, , freopen(x,y,stderr), FILE *stderr ).
. , , fork, dup2 , , ( 0, 1 2 ), exec, , . ( , exe)