None of the above. In particular, it is definitely not the Singleton class, since the use of Singletons usually represents an indication of a design error . Over the past 15 years, I never needed the Singleton class, and all those that I found on my travels were hacks or otherwise compromised the reliability of the system in which they were located.
Generally speaking, besides a good compiler compatible with standards, the desire to never stop learning more about my choice of language and coding standards that do not restrict my movements, I found that I did not need anything to write complete systems.
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