Explain TDD in Simple Words

Question

I was looking through StackOverflow when I came across this question. Here the author mentions his debugging style:

I am wondering how to do debugging. Currently, the following steps:

• I am completing a large script,
• Comment on everything except the part I want to check.
• Execute script

and in one of the answers, another user says that the crawler is debugging the wrong path:

Your sequence seems completely opposite to me. Here is how I do it:

• I am writing a test for the functionality I need.
• I start writing a script by executing a bit and checking the test results.
• I look through what I did to document and publish.

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If you do this before or after writing code, this is not so important. Some people say that if you write a test after implementation, you will modify your test to match the implementation, which reduces the effectiveness of unit test.