On sdcard.org, I found various PDF specifications for SDIO. None of them seem to have an explicit synchronization operator that clarifies this. However, this statement holds:
(1) SD bus mode is selected by CMD0 (hold pin 1 to maximum while CMD0 is running).
from page 88 Simplified SD Host Specifier Version 2.00 . ("Pin 1" - chip selection ( CS))
Given this proposal, the SD card manufacturer will be justified in requiring you to claim CSthrough all sent bits D0..D15. In other words, I think you cannot use the SPI frame signal and you will need a GPIO pin or similar.
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