There is no hard limit on the number of entries in the global temporary table. Ultimately, the data will be written to disk and therefore will be subject to read / write speeds when inserting / updating data or querying a table. You would expect that performance (such as changing data and accessing data) would be about the same level as a regular table — a little faster as it creates fewer repetitions.
You can add indexes to the global temporary table to make it easier to retrieve a subset of rows (this will obviously slow down the insertion and consume more temporary space, this is a trade-off)
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