It is assumed that you have already created an entry for day / lake / name / station before inserting temperatures on that day. Of course, you can add another trigger for this.
create trigger Temperature_count_insert_trigger_hi after insert on Temperature
when new.temperature_f >= 75
begin
update Temperature_summary set count_readings_over_75f = count_readings_over_75f + 1
where new.day = day and new.lake_name = lake_name and new.station = station;
end;
create trigger Temperature_count_insert_trigger_lo after insert on Temperature
when new.temperature_f < 75
begin
update Temperature_summary set count_readings_below_75f = count_readings_below_75f + 1
where new.day = day and new.lake_name = lake_name and new.station = station;
end;
You can combine them into one more complex trigger.
create trigger Temperature_count_insert_trigger after insert on Temperature
begin
update Temperature_summary
set count_readings_below_75f = count_readings_below_75f + (new.temperature_f < 75),
count_readings_over_75f = count_readings_over_75f + (new.temperature_f >= 75)
where new.day = day and new.lake_name = lake_name and new.station = station;
end;
, Temperature_summary (a), Temperature_summary (day, lake_name, station) (b) :
create trigger Temperature_count_insert_trigger after insert on Temperature
begin
insert or ignore into Temperature_summary
values (new.day, new.lake_name, new.station, 0, 0);
update Temperature_summary
set count_readings_below_75f = count_readings_below_75f + (new.temperature_f < 75),
count_readings_over_75f = count_readings_over_75f + (new.temperature_f >= 75)
where new.day = day and new.lake_name = lake_name and new.station = station;
end;