Unfortunately, Bitmap objects do not extend to the InteractiveObject class, i.e. they do not have (and cannot easily get) the ability to receive mouse events.
As pointed out by Antara and Jeremy White in the previous answer, the simplest container class that receives mouse events is the Sprite class. Therefore, if you want the bitmap to accept mouse events and not use MovieClip, you can use Sprite:
var bmpFull:Bitmap = new Bitmap(event.currentTarget.content.bitmapData);
bmpFull.smoothing = true;
bmpFull.name = "photo";
bmpFull.alpha = 0;
var bmpContainer:Sprite = new Sprite();
bmpContainer.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, clickHandler);
bmpContainer.buttonMode = true;
bmpContainer.addChild(bmpFull);
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