Well, you can just update them using the function update.packages().
You can use installed.packages()and available.packages()to find any differences. Just combine the two results with the name, and then find the differences in version.
i <- installed.packages()
a <- available.packages()
ia <- merge(i, a, by="Package")[,c("Package", "Version.x", "Version.y")]
ia[as.character(ia$Version.x) != as.character(ia$Version.y),]
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