You cannot disable them.
You can do something like:
$filters = $form->getElementFilters();
$form->setElementFilters( array() );
$form->populate($data);
$form->setElementFilters( $filters );
However, afaik Zend_Form will filter the values only when you get them from the form, and not when filling out the form, so the above is pointless. If you are using the original values, use
$form->getUnfilteredValues();
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