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Determining the number of operations code cycles for the processor

I was wondering where it would be possible to get a calculation of the processor cycles for different machines. An example of what I'm talking about can be seen at this link:

http://www.obelisk.demon.co.uk/6502/reference.html

If you study the source code of MAME, especially in src \ emu \ cpu, you will see that most CPU models track the number of cycles in the same way. My question is where can I get this information or reverse engineer it if it is not available? I have never seen a single "official" ASM programmer's manual containing information on the number of cycles. My initial guess is that a small program is thrown into a real hardware bootrom, and if it contains the equivalent operation code for RDTSC, the following is done:

RDTSC

//opcode of choosing

RDTSC

But what would you do if such support were not available? I know that for older equipment, the MAME team has no access to anything other than roms and scattered documentation.

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http://www.agner.org/optimize/#manuals

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Source: https://habr.com/ru/post/1734189/

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