How to replace strings not in link tag?

Question

I am working on this PHP function. The idea is to wrap some words that occur in a string in specific tags (both words and tags defined in an array). It works fine !, but when these words are found in the linked text or its "src" attribute, then, of course, the link is broken and filled with tags, or tags that should not be inside the link are generated. This is what I have now:

function replace() {
  $terminos = array (
  "beneficios" => "h3",
  "valoracion" => "h2",
  "empresarios" => "h2",
  "tecnologias" => "h2",
  "...and so on..." => "etc",
  );

  foreach ($terminos as $key => $value)
  {
  $body = "string where the word empresarios should be replaced; but the word <a href='http://www.empresarios.com'>empresarios</a> should not be replaced inside <a> tags nor in the URL of their 'src' attribute.";
  $tagged = "<".$value.">".$key."</".$value.">";
  $result = str_replace($key, $tagged, $body);
  }
}

The function in this example should return "string where the word <h2>empresarios</h2> should be replaced; but the word <a href='http://www.empresarios.com'>empresarios</a> should not be replaced inside <a> tags nor in the URL of their 'src' attribute."

I would like this replacement function to work across the entire string, but not inside the tags, nor in its attributes!

(I would like to do something that is mentioned in this thread, it's just that he's not in javascript that I need, but in the PHP: /questions/1666790/how-to-replace-text-not-within-a-specific-tag-in-javascript)

Answer 1

DOM :

$s = "foo <a href='http://test.com'>foo</a> lorem bar ipsum foo. <a>bar</a> not a test";
echo htmlentities($s) . '<hr>';

$d = new DOMDocument;
$d->loadHTML($s);

$x = new DOMXPath($d);
$t = $x->evaluate("//text()");

$wrap = array(
    'foo' => 'h1',
    'bar' => 'h2'
);

$preg_find = '/\b(' . implode('|', array_keys($wrap)) . ')\b/';

foreach($t as $textNode) {
    if( $textNode->parentNode->tagName == "a" ) {
        continue;
    }

    $sections = preg_split( $preg_find, $textNode->nodeValue, null, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);

    $parentNode = $textNode->parentNode;

    foreach($sections as $section) {  
        if( !isset($wrap[$section]) ) {
            $parentNode->insertBefore( $d->createTextNode($section), $textNode );
            continue;
        }

        $tagName = $wrap[$section];
        $parentNode->insertBefore( $d->createElement( $tagName, $section ), $textNode );
    }

    $parentNode->removeChild( $textNode );
}

echo htmlentities($d->saveHTML());

DOMText DOMText DOMElement .

Answer 2

, , JS . .

$regexp = "/(<pre>(?:[^<](?!\/pre))*<\/pre>)|(\:\-\))/gi";

, preg_replace empresarios (Empresarios) (EmPreSAriOS).

HTML. <h2> :

empresarios ;

Empresarios

;

, <big>.