A schema is just a container for database objects - tables, views, etc. It allows you to structure a very large database solution that you may have. As an example, check out the newer AdventureWorks database examples — they have a number of included schemas, such as HumanResources, etc.
A circuit may be a safety margin, for example. You can give or deny certain users access to the entire scheme. You can also use a schema to split tables with the same name, for example. you can create a “user scheme” for each user of your application and have a “Settings” table in each of them, holding these user settings, for example. "Bob.Settings", "Mary.Settings", etc.
In my experience, schemas are not used very often in SQL Server. This is a way to organize database objects in containers, but if you do not have a large number of database objects, it is possible that you are unlikely to use a lot.
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