In the URL definition (see, for example, here ):
Fragment URLs
The spelling of URLs in this document ([RFC1738]) provides a mechanism for referencing a resource, but not a resource. The web community has adopted a convention called "URL fragment" to designate anchors within an HTML document. The fragment url ends with a “#” followed by an anchor identifier. For example, here is a URL fragment pointing to the named section_2 anchor:
http://somesite.com/html/top.html#section_2
#section_2 "". (AKA- AKA-), , <a>, .
, , URL-, - ? , #, . , :
http://server/path/program?query_string
query_string, thefrag.