How to wrap inline methods in Python? (or "how to pass them by reference")

Question

I want to wrap the default public method with a wrapper, which should also catch exceptions. Here is an example of testing working :

truemethod = open
def fn(*args, **kwargs):
    try:
        return truemethod(*args, **kwargs)
    except (IOError, OSError):
        sys.exit('Can\'t open \'{0}\'. Error #{1[0]}: {1[1]}'.format(args[0], sys.exc_info()[1].args))

open = fn

I want to create a generic method:

def wrap(method, exceptions = (OSError, IOError)):
    truemethod = method
    def fn(*args, **kwargs):
        try:
            return truemethod(*args, **kwargs)
        except exceptions:
            sys.exit('Can\'t open \'{0}\'. Error #{1[0]}: {1[1]}'.format(args[0], sys.exc_info()[1].args))

    method = fn

But this does not work:

>>> wrap(open)
>>> open
<built-in function open>

Apparently, it methodis a copy of the parameter, not a link, as I expected. Any pythonic workaround?

Answer 1

, wrap method = fn method, open. :

def wrap(method, exceptions = (OSError, IOError)):
    def fn(*args, **kwargs):
        try:
            return method(*args, **kwargs)
        except exceptions:
            sys.exit('Can\'t open \'{0}\'. Error #{1[0]}: {1[1]}'.format(args[0], sys.exc_info()[1].args))

    return fn

open = wrap(open)
foo = wrap(foo)

Answer 2

global open. :

" Python"; , __builtin__.open - open(). . .

, , , , . , , open(), open(), :

import __builtin__

def open(path):
    f = __builtin__.open(path, 'r')
    return UpperCaser(f)

class UpperCaser:
    '''Wrapper around a file that converts output to upper-case.'''

    def __init__(self, f):
        self._f = f

    def read(self, count=-1):
        return self._f.read(count).upper()

    # ...

CPython: __builtins__ ( 's'), . __builtins__ , __dict__. , Python.

Answer 3

return fn wrap, :

>>> open = wrap(open)
>>> open('bhla')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#24>", line 1, in <module>
    open('bhla')
  File "<pyshell#18>", line 7, in fn
    sys.exit('Can\'t open \'{0}\'. Error #{1[0]}: {1[1]}'.format(args[0], sys.exc_info()[1].args))
SystemExit: Can't open 'bhla'. Error #2: No such file or directory