It depends on the language, but basically, yes, you can always.
printf(_("Hi, my name is %s and I am %s"), name, prof);
in c.
echo sprintf(_("Hi, my name is %s and I am %s"), $name, $prof);
in php.
alert( _('Hi, my name is %s and I am %s')
.replace('%s',name).replace('%s',prof) );
in javascript or better something like:
alert( _('Hi, my name is %1 and I am %2')
.replace('%1',name).replace('%2',prof) );
, . , Javascript , , .
..